TOURISM - LEISURE AND SOCIETY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

TOURISM - LEISURE AND SOCIETY - Essay Example ns pertaining to social standing and status may sometimes happen to be fluid, which may evolve over time, influenced by dominant or popular traditions and values. Still, there is no denying the fact that the individuals affiliated to the same social standing do share a common lot of beliefs and values that enable them to recognize themselves as having a unique status, which may be real or imagined (Anderson 1991). Hence, social identity and status mostly correspond, irrespective of the cultural, racial and ethnic disparities within a society. This correspondence of social identity and status sans economic and demographic disparities portends multifarious ramifications for the tourism industry the world over. Social identity and status are the concepts, which are many times not directly observable or discernable, but inferred from various ways and patterns of group expression, tourism and leisure qualifying to be one important manifestation. Going by this fact, many nations and touris t destinations are vying with each other to come out with tourism management policies and strategies, which have notions of social identity and status incorporated and adjusted within them (Henderson 2001). Such tourism strategies have observable and coveted economic, political and social agendas embedded within. Thus, the concept of tourism, and the old and new perceptions pertaining to it often portray narratives associated with unique symbols of social identity and status. The concept of tourism and leisure had the notions of social identity and status amalgamated with it at the very time of its conception in the early 19th century. Thorstein Veblem in his acclaimed work ‘The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of institutions (1902)’, meticulously elaborated on the concept of leisure and tourism being intricately associated with social entities like wealth and status. According to Veblem (1902), the middle and working class in most of the developed countries have the

The Golden Apples Essay -- Literary Analysis, Welty

In Eudora Welty’s novel, The Golden Apples, the author presents a combination of short stories to give the readers an insight into the intricacies of human relationships. In doing so, in â€Å"June Recital,† Welty utilizes the separation technique, once again, to give multiple perspectives depending on the different time periods and characters. Moreover, by implementing the textual structure and significance of the MacLain house from the â€Å"Shower of Gold,† the two stories, although separate, have a strong bond and share similar significance to one another. As a result, with dense and detailed descriptions and vernacular languages, Welty succeeds in providing the reader with a three-dimensional analysis of the events which occur in the â€Å"June Recital.† The separation of the story into four sections and the utilization of line-breaks within each section contribute to the whole story such that it provides different perspective and the combination whi ch leads to ultimate understanding. In â€Å"Shower of Gold,† a preceding story of â€Å"June Recital† in The Golden Apples, the narrator provides the background of Snowdie and King MacLain, and the incidents behind the MacLain house in Morgana, Mississippi. The house has gloomy background, as Snowdie MacLain has been left alone by King MacLain. Snowdie, therefore, was the talk of the town. As a result, the house has been the background for sorrow and loneliness in the past. Furthermore, the house was devoid of love and departures and arrivals were common. All of the above features and past histories of the MacLain house was passed on to Ms. Eckhart when she rented the house for her living and piano lessoning purposes. It is significant to recognize how although the two stories are separate in terms of... ...assie, is the grand finale of â€Å"June Recital.† As Loch â€Å"dreamed close to the surface, and his dreams were filled with color and a fury that the daytime that summer never held† and Cassie â€Å"says aloud, ‘Because a fire was in my head’† (97). These two are important to recognize as Welty combines the two perspectives to create a perfect description and portrayal. In conclusion, in â€Å"June Recital,† Welty successfully brings upon the themes of the past, social codes, and prejudice. The separation of stories in The Golden Apple, the separation of sections in â€Å"June recital,† the separation by the line-breaks, and the separation of perspective and narrative may lead to a haste conclusion that the story overall portrays separation. However, by introducing the two supplement and counterpart perspectives, Welty successfully combines the story to bring about a unified message.

Economic inequality Essay

According to Douglass Massey, what makes America so exceptional? Explain globalization’s effects on inequality in the United States. According to Douglass Massey, what makes America so exceptional is â€Å"among developed nations for the amount of inequality it tolerates† (Massey 22). Globalization happens all around the world but, only in the United States inequality is getting out of hand. Globalization’s effects on inequality in United States is after the end of the New Deal coalition the rich got richer and the poor got poorer. The new realignment favored the rich in the expense of middle and lower classes. The poor was taxed more and the rich were taxed less. Tarry Hum’s article (â€Å"Persistent Polarization..†) provides a profile of the city’s current labor force. What does Hum mean by â€Å"persistent polarization†? Compare per capita income and rates of unemployment among different racial and ethnic groups in New York City. – In Tarry Hum’s article â€Å"Persistent Polarization† means the large gap of employment in terms of race, gender, and nativity. For instance, language, proficiency, and education. In terms of race, African Americans, Latinos, and Asians (minorities) were making up 70-75% of the workforce. I’m not really understanding the second part of the question but, I’ll take a go at it. – According to the data, Immigrants aren’t happy about their working condition and wages. The data shows that immigrants works most insecure jobs such as construction and transportation. Some of these jobs are also very high risk yet they get paid below average wages. Does Katherine Newman (author of â€Å"Working Lives†) subscribe to the â€Å"poverty as pathology† idea that people are poor because they are lazy/have no work ethic/don’t try to get a job? Support your answer with evidence from her article. Katherine Newman thinks that if people work hard they should be rewarded. This also doesn’t mean that people in poverty deserves their low standard of living. This means if you work hard you should be rewarded and if you don’t you don’t deserve anything from the goverment. Individuals that lacks work ethics should not be compensated by the states. Not only do they not deserve it they didn’t even try. She thinks that personal failure they are resistaing the econmic and social program. An individual, if you’re not smart and poor and whatever it means it only mean you’re failing yourself and not because the states didn’t do anything for you.

Human Rights - 7292 Words

Value Education –Human Rights Foundation Course –I (Part-IV) for Undergraduate Programmes Learning Material based on Syllabus (2008-2009) Bharathiar University Coimbatore BHARATHIAR UNIVERSITY : COIMBATORE 641 046. Value Education – Human Rights (2 hours per week) (FOR THE UNDER GRADUATE STUDENTS OF AFFILIATED COLLEGES WITH EFFECT FROM 2008-2009) UNIT – I : Concept of Human Values, Value Education Towards Personal Development Aim of education and value education; Evolution of value oriented education; Concept of Human values; types of values; Components of value education. Personal Development : Self analysis and introspection; sensitization towards gender equality, physically challenged, intellectually challenged. Respect†¦show more content†¦There was little opportunity to spread over a wider area and encounter or adopt the cultural values of others. Such restrictions have been removed these days by rapid transportation, communication and international educational facilities. Social environments have entirely changed. To fully avail of the present opportunities for a better life the modern educational system should be reformed and reoriented. This is what I stress as the need for holistic education. Due to the lack of such education the majority of people in human society are leading a life of ignorance and following obsolete, useless principles and beliefs. In reality, the world is one; the sea is one to supply water for all by way of vapour-cloud- rain; the air we breathe is only one. Man has not created any one of these four essential resources. Everybody is born, grows, lives and dies. During the lifetime everyone enjoys the benefits of labour and technical knowledge of all the people. In turn, everyone’s production and services go to all people of the society. Then why are enmity, hatred, exploitation and wars extant in human society? In every war one group of people kills the other group. What can be the net result? Only murderers will survive in the world. Any person of ordinary intelligence can realize the fact that war is not beneficial in any way for human society. ItShow MoreRelatedHuman Rights Is A Human Right850 Words   |  4 Pagestheir human rights violated. Human rights range from the right of equality, to the right of marriage, to the right of adequate living and more. Anything humans being deserve is a human right. They can be as extreme as 805 million people living in poverty (Yahoo, Derrius Quarles) or as simple as not being allowed to speak about your religion in a restaurant. Human rights belong to everyone. Whether or not we think it is ethical, almost everyone at one point in their lives will have these rights violatedRead MoreThe Rights Of A Human Right1037 Words   |  5 Pagessomething to be considered a basic huma n right, one often looks at all the reasons why it should become one. In some cases however, it can be argued that the refusal of something as a human right is actually a violation of already existing human rights. This is the case when discussing PAS/D in reference to becoming a human right. People understand that they have a right to life, liberty and personal security, but nowhere does the charter state people have a right to their own death – not explicitlyRead MoreThe Rights Of Human Rights1211 Words   |  5 Pages The inalienable human rights is something undeniably important in the view of everyone in the world, as nearly all government in the world have some sort of written law that ensure the rights of its citizens, like the Bill of Rights that protect the rights of Americans. Yet, when applying that significance in protecting human rights to people outside of their nation’s border depend considerably on the interests of the government, the interactions betw een the different nations, and the response concludedRead MoreHuman Rights And The Rights1361 Words   |  6 PagesHuman rights are rights that claim that all human beings no matter what gender, race, religion language and etc., are all equally entitled to our human rights. They are the basic rights and freedoms to which all human beings are entitled to such as civil and political rights, the right to life and liberty, freedom of thought and speech/expression, equality before the law, social, cultural and economic rights, the right to food, the right to work, and the right to education. .All have the right toRead MoreThe Rights Of Human Rights1599 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Basically, we could not have peace, or an atmosphere in which peace could grow, unless we recognized the rights of individual human beings, their importance, their dignity and agree that was the basic thing that had to be accepted throughout the world.† Eleanor Roosevelt. There is no doubt that throughout history women have been, and are still inferior in many countries. With a population of over 7 billion people on this planet, there are 795 million people who go to bed hungry every night (WFP)Read MoreThe Rights Of Human Rights915 Words   |  4 PagesThe idea of Human Rights was created as means of awareness. The purpose of writing Human Rights covenants was to elaborate more on the rights afforded to every human being and also emphasize that building a strong foundation for Human rights is the first step to peace. Eleanor Roosevelt became one of the first important people to advocate for human rights by heading the United Nations’ first Human Rights Commission. Roosevelt’s goal was to make Human Rights, more or less, a second nature by passingRead MoreHuman Rights And The Rights950 Words   |  4 PagesHuman rights are the rights that belong to each and every single person internationally. These rights have been around since the first civilization in Ancient Greece and has evolved into the rights we have currently. Each group of people has had to fight for these rights that each person supposedly has. Throughout history, group after group is discriminated against even though people fight for equality. Though there are many different categories of human rights, the three types of human rights areRead MoreIs There a Human Right?1289 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is human? What is a right? Is there such a thing called a human right? Discuss the logic behind your responses and whether or not there are implications for you personally? In our class discussion, we defined a human as a type of being that has needs, thoughts, feelings, and ideas. They are enlightened, loving, compassionate, rational, and self-aware beings that are born of a woman. They have a soul and question the existence of God and themselves. The dictionary defines a human as a characteristicRead MoreHuman Rights And Natural Rights1184 Words   |  5 PagesHuman rights are basically rights that individuals theoretically have within natural law. The quest for happiness, life as well as liberty are for instances cited as natural rights by the Declaration of Independence of the USA. As a matter of fact, human rights are deduced from natural law and occur with or without the authority of any government. Human rights can be interpreted as incessant with what were formerly identified as natural rights. This steadiness is not only historical, but theoreticalRead More Human Rights 2138 Words   |  9 PagesCONCERNING HUMAN RIGHTS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATI ONS? The interconnectedness in the world produces a new agenda of international issues which affect both powerful and less powerful countries (Lamy, 2001a, 2006b: 213). The effects are widespread, and these problems could only be solved through international cooperation (Greene, 2006: 452). This paper seeks to consider four issues which are legitimate to the human rights agenda in international relations. Scholars of international relations and human rights

The Banking Concept Of Education - 951 Words

When I first read Freire’s writing, â€Å"The ‘Banking Concept’ of Education†, I felt really passionate about it. The reason I felt so passionate about it, was because once upon a time I wanted to be a teacher. Until I began to see the struggles that teachers’ had, trying to teach large class sizes all of the same information. The longer the teachers taught, the more they lost their passion. In class there was never enough time for teachers to show their passion, or explain why they really loved the subject they were teaching. So in the following paper I will be discussing the banking concept of education. I will discuss who I believe my audience is. Also, I will be arguing why I think educators struggle with inspiring critical thinking in their students. In addition to, I will be arguing that the ‘banking concept’ is not effective in the long run for students. First off I’ll share a little background information about Freire†™s, â€Å"The ‘Banking Concept’ of Education†. In this writing Freire says, â€Å"Education thus becomes an act of depositing, in which the students are the depositories and the teacher is the depositor. Instead of communicating, the teacher issues communiques and makes deposits which the students patiently receive, memorize, and repeat. This is the ‘banking’ concept of education†. So he is basically saying that teachers deposit information to the students and expects them to memorize it, without fully explaining the material. I believe that this academic writingsShow MoreRelatedThe Banking Concept Of Education958 Words   |  4 PagesIn the excerpt from â€Å"The Banking Concept of Education† the author, Paulo Freire explains the critical flaw in the current education system. He continues by offering his believed solution to this problem. The two concepts Freire discusses in this excerpt are the â€Å"banking concept† of educ ation and the â€Å"problem-posing method† of education. The â€Å"banking concept† is talked about rather negatively, whereas the â€Å"problem-posing method† is talked about highly. Freire believes in the â€Å"problem-posing method†Read MoreThe Banking Concept Of Education904 Words   |  4 PagesFor many years education in the United States has been taught the same way over and over again. It has put children through many years of boring lectures to learn something and eventually will be forgotten. In the Banking concept Freire gives his opinion on the traditional way students have learned for many years. He Calls it the Banking Concept of Education, it is when a student knows nothing and the teacher has to educate them with boring long lectures that will eventually be forgotten by the schoolRead MoreThe Banking Concept Of Education881 Words   |  4 Pages The banking concept is a term used by Paulo Freire to describe the â€Å"traditional† educational system. With this concept, students seem to learn all they need to know by narration of the teachers. â€Å"Narration leads the students to memorize mechanically the narrated account†(Freire, page 1). Because of this method, students are being referred to as depositors since teachers’ deposit information into their brains and the students receive, memorize and repeat. This concept has shown that people lack creativityRead MoreThe Banking Concept Of Education Essay1834 Words   |  8 Pageshours studying. We could agree that the method of our education has also been the same; listening, note taking, memorizing, and hoping to God that we did not just bomb our most recent test. What if someone told us in high school that this grueling and boring process was all wrong? Well, this is exactly what, Paulo Freire, a Brazilian educator and philosopher, proposes in his essay, â€Å"The Banking Concept of Education.† Freire argues â€Å"banking education† stunts and discourages critical thinking and creativityRead MoreThe Banking Concept Of Education1277 Words   |  6 PagesTrue Education at Its Best In The Banking Concept of Education, Paulo Freire evaluates the teacher-student relationship and the concept of Banking education which he thought not to be a suitable process of education. Education is a systematic body of knowledge that is acquired through life experiences, schooling, and the environment. It is an important tool that applies in the contemporary world to succeed and to mitigate life challenges. Also, the knowledge gained through educationRead MoreSummary Of The Banking Concept Of Education1519 Words   |  7 PagesDominants and Subordinates in Education In â€Å"The ‘Banking’ Concept of Education,† from the Pedagogy of the Oppressed, Revised Edition, Paulo Freire discusses two different types of education: â€Å"banking† and problem-posing. The banking concept of education is when teachers â€Å"make deposits which the students patiently receive, memorize, and repeat† (318), and ‘problem posing’ is when the teachers and students are equal. Instead of being treated as human beings that have their own thoughts and ideas,Read MoreThe Banking Concept Of Education Summary1133 Words   |  5 Pages0701 23 September 2017 The Banking Concept of Education In the essay, â€Å"The Banking Concept of Education†, Paulo Freire compares two teaching concepts used in education, which are the â€Å"banking concept† and â€Å"problem-posing†. In the â€Å"banking concept†, the educator assumes that the students are passive, so they take full control and instill students with information without explaining it to them or receive their input. Freire believes that problem-posing education allows people to develop their humanRead MoreBanking Concept of Education Essay685 Words   |  3 PagesBanking Concept of Education Philosopher and educator Paulo Freire once said, â€Å"Education either functions as an instrument which is used to facilitate integration of the younger generation into the logic of the present system and bring about conformity or it becomes the practice of freedom, the means by which men and women deal critically and creatively with reality and discover how to participate in the transformation of their world.† In Freire’s work of â€Å"the Banking Concept of Concept†, he describesRead MoreThe Teaching Concept Of Banking Education1098 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy Statement Essay Introduction Effective teachers are able to meet the student’s individual needs by modifying the curriculum, being involved in the community and involving the parents in the student s education. I teach in San Luis, AZ, a community composed mainly of Hispanic families and Spanish is the primary language. In order to build a positive relationship with the community and parents, it is important to understand and implement the culture in the curriculum. Setting an open doorRead More The Banking Concept of Education and The Achievement of Desire1463 Words   |  6 PagesThe Banking Concept of Education and The Achievement of Desire Education is a topic that can be explored in many ways. Education is looked at in depth by both Richard Rodriguez in his essay, â€Å"The Achievement of Desire†, and by Paulo Freire in his essay, â€Å"The ‘Banking’ Concept of Education.† After reading both essays, one can make some assumptions about different methods of education and exactly by which method Rodriguez was taught. The types of relationships Rodriguez had with his teachers

Their Eyes Were Watching God - 1497 Words

There is but one thing that no one can ever have enough of. Admittedly, there are various substitutions that can suffice as satisfactory for one’s happiness. Yet, there is an exception that creeps and remains ubiquitously unseen and incessantly yearned for. As Zora Neale Hurston, author of Their Eyes Were Watching God, puts it, there are â€Å"ships at a distance [that] have every man’s wish on board.† Indeed, these desires ride a boat which sails on, perhaps, the ocean of time. There are those who are fortunate and whose ships â€Å"come in with the tide,† relying on the chance that their aspirations come in miraculously from the vast ocean or window of opportunity. There are also those who are unfortunate and whose ships â€Å"sail forever on the†¦show more content†¦It is made apparent early on that Janie is uninterested in Logan; however, in search for protection for her granddaughter, Nanny requests Janie to marry Logan as â€Å"he’s a good man† (13) with lots of property and money. Nanny’s request is quickly refuted as Janie pleads, â€Å"don’t make me marry Mr. Killicks† (15). Unfortunately, Nanny’s compassion and love for Janie forces her into a marriage where she must learn to love her husband. It were as if Janie had unexpectedly became entitled to a lifetime task as Nanny tells her that she â€Å"mus gointer love him,† (23) but she just simply â€Å"doesn’t like the job† (24). It is not surprising to note how Janie might feel inclined to leave Logan so early on in their marriage as it is fundamentally an arranged marriage between two incompatible individuals. Logan’s lack in interesting Janie, along with his expectations to spend their lives together is what ultimately brought Janie to leave as she couldn’t believe Nanny’s words when she told her â€Å"Youse young yet, no tellin what mout to happen befo you die. Wait awhile baby. Yo mind will change† (24). If perhaps, Logan’s love for Janie had continued to show itself rather than, as Janie noticed, ceasing â€Å"to talk in rhymes to her† or â€Å"wonder at her long black hair and finger[ing] it,†(26) then he could have potentially won her over. In this case, Logan is spoiled and delusioned into thinking that Time is his ally, but it is this trust in TimeShow MoreRelatedTheir Eyes Were Watching God1064 Words   |  5 Pagessignificant than death. In Zora Neale Hurston’s famous novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, the main character Janie Crawford is plagued by the deaths of loved ones. Janie moves from caregiver to caregiver searching for true love and happiness, only to have it stripped away from her once she finds it in her third husband Tea Cake. At the end of the novel, having realized true love and loss, Janie is a whole woman. Their Eyes Were Watching God portrays the growth of the human spirit through both the emoti onalRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God1780 Words   |  8 Pagesshort story â€Å"Sweat† and novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, the focus is on women who want better lives but face difficult struggles before gaining them. The difficulties involving men which Janie and Delia incur result from or are exacerbated by the intersection of their class, race, and gender, which restrict each woman for a large part of her life from gaining her independence. Throughout a fair part of Zora Neal Hurston’s novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, Janie’s low class create problemsRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God932 Words   |  4 PagesJanie Crawford: The Woman Whose Clothing Conveys Her Relationships In Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God, the protagonist, Janie, endures two marriages before finding true love. In each of Janie’s marriages, a particular article of clothing is used to symbolically reflect, not only her attitude at different phases in her life, but how she is treated in each relationship. In Janie’s first marriage with Logan Killicks, an apron is used to symbolize the obligation in her marriage. â€Å"Read MoreAnalysis Of Their Eyes Were Watching God 1061 Words   |  5 PagesDivision: Janie Crawford in Their Eyes Were Watching God Their Eyes Were Watching God was written in 1937 by Zora Neale Hurston. This story follows a young girl by the name of Janie Crawford. Janie Crawford lived with her grandmother in Eatonville, Florida. Janie was 16 Years old when her grandmother caught her kissing a boy out in the yard. After seeing this her grandmother told her she was old enough to get married, and tells her she has found her a husband by the name of Logan. Logan was a muchRead More Eyes Were Watching God Essay711 Words   |  3 Pages Their Eyes Were Watching God provides an enlightening look at the journey of a quot;complete, complex, undiminished human beingquot;, Janie Crawford. Her story, based on self-exploration, self-empowerment, and self-liberation, details her loss and attainment of her innocence and freedom as she constantly learns and grows from her experiences with gender issues, racism, and life. The story centers around an important theme; that personal discoveries and life experiences help a person findRead More Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay1757 Words   |  8 Pages Their Eyes Were Watching God Book Report 1. Title: Their Eyes Were Watching God 2. Author/Date Written: Zora Neale Hurston/1937 3. Country of Author: 4. Characters Janie Mae Crawford- The book’s main character. She is a very strong willed, independent person. She is able to defy a low class, unhappy life because of these factors, even though the environment that she grew up and lived in was never on her side. Pheoby Watson – Janie’s best friend in Eatonville. Pheoby is the only towns person whoRead MoreWhose eyes were watching God?1400 Words   |  6 PagesWhose eyes were watching God? In the movie Their Eyes Were Watching God, Oprah Winfrey manipulates events that happened in the book by Zora Neale Hurston. Oprah morphs many relationships in the movie Their Eyes Were Watching God. She changes the role of gender, and also makes changes in Janie’s character strength. Oprah also changes the symbolism in the movie to where some important symbols in the book change to less important roles. Oprah changes many important events in the book Their Eyes WereRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God Essay724 Words   |  3 PagesTHEIR EYES WERE WATCHING GOD ESSAY  ¬Ã‚ ¬ Janie Crawford is surrounded by outward influences that contradict her independence and personal development. These outward influences from society, her grandma, and even significant others contribute to her curiosity. Tension builds between outward conformity and inward questioning, allowing Zora Neal Hurston to illustrate the challenge of choice and accountability that Janie faces throughout the novel. Janie’s Grandma plays an important outward influenceRead MoreEssay on Their Eyes Were Watching God921 Words   |  4 PagesTheir Eyes Were Watching God An Analysis So many people in modern society have lost their voices. Laryngitis is not the cause of this sad situation-- they silence themselves, and have been doing so for decades. For many, not having a voice is acceptable socially and internally, because it frees them from the responsibility of having to maintain opinions. For Janie Crawford, it was not: she finds her voice among those lost within the pages of Zora Neale Hurston’s famed novel, Their Eyes Were WatchingRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God By Zora Hurston Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesHurston In the novel â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God† by Zora Neal Hurston is about a young woman named Janie Crawford who goes on a journey of self discovery to find her independence. The book touches on many themes like gender roles, relations, independence and racism however racism isn’t mainly focused upon in the book which some writers felt should have been. Some felt that the representation of black characters should have been better role models. Zora Hurston’s novel wasn’t like other black literature

The Assualt †Views About Past and Present Free Essays

In his novel The Assault, Harry Mulisch illustrates a clear example at how human memory can aid us in pursuing a better future ahead of us. As Anton watched the motor boats on the first page of the novel he was amazed at how fast the motor boats moved and the wake they left behind. Each time he saw them zoom by he would try to follow their wake however its pattern became so distorted he could not follow it. We will write a custom essay sample on The Assualt – Views About Past and Present or any similar topic only for you Order Now Along side the motor boats were the gondolas where they were propelled by the captain pushing a stick back thus moving his boat forward. He then takes this approach on life and lives while constantly bringing up his past. Every time he attempted to look at what the future held in store for him he was sent back towards looking at the past. By looking back and searching for his past he was able to progress into the future without feeling the unbearable light of the future. Mulisch uses an extensive amount of light and dark metaphors, and structure in order to show us that if we desire to progress through a less painful life we should reflect upon our past before we look too far ahead into the future. Mulisch structured his novel in such a way that the reader can unmistakably understand the past form the present. In the very beginning of the book Anton and his family are going about their lives however there is not a single trace of light. Mulisch makes this point very clear for everyone is turning out there lights in case of a bombing run. In addition he writes that all was dark as the murder was committed and peter took the carbon lamp. These had all happened in the past and therefore Mulisch is stating the past is dark. As the reader reaches the end of the book and the final scene is of Anton walking away in the middle of the day, when the sun is the highest, we conclude that the present is light. This juxtaposition is further backed by the chapter structure Mulisch chose to use. Although many if not all books, rise in chapter number such as this one, Mulisch chose to use years and dates for chapters to very clearly indicating the movement from past to present. This structure and juxtaposition as well as the metaphor of light and dark as representing future and past allows the reader to follow Anton’s progression through out. As one scans the novel a noticeable pattern forms in that as the episodes (chapters) progress, so does Anton’s knowledge of his past. This is done through Mulisch structuring the novel so that Anton meets a new person and gains a new piece of his past as time goes on. His past first comes back to him when he travels back to Haarlem after living with his Aunt and Uncle in Amsterdam since the murder of Fake Ploeg was committed. Here he is greeted with multiple objects that remind him of his past and one of which is the herring bone pattern on the quay. Mulisch writes, â€Å"With sudden excitement he recognized the herringbone pattern of the brick pavement. He had never noticed it in the old days, but now he saw it realized it had always been there. (Mulisch page 62) The herringbone patter represents how much distortion Anton’s memory has about the night the murder was committed. It is this confusion that Anton is excited by and he then strives to find answers through out his life both consciously and unconsciously. In addition to the herringbone pattern on page 62 he also meets Mrs. Beumer and Mr. Beumer. Ant on does not like the presence of them when he first meets them but it is because of their connection to his past that leads him to another connection; The monument on the quay. From hear Anton feels like he has an unbearably empty hole inside of him. When something is empty, in an existentialistic view such as Mulisch, it must be filled and for Anton that something is knowledge of his past. The Episode concludes with Anton thinking of himself floating at the center of the earth. There he would â€Å"be able to reflect upon the state of things in eternity. † (Mulisch page 76) Mulisch Has Anton percolating this idea in order to show the reader that Anton is clearly going to reflect upon his past. Shortly after Anton’s acquaintance with Haarlem and the Beumers he walks into Fake Ploeg Jr. n Anton’s flat. Here they are both greeted with past and they have quite the talk about it. While this is going on Anton is attempting to light a stove filled with dark oil. As the conversation between Anton and Ploeg Jr. escalates the dark oil has yet to light up. At the most enraged part of the conversation Fake decided to throw a stone and after this, a cloud of dark soot from the stove and covered Anton’s flat. Ploeg Jr. was a connection to Anton’s past and the dark soot covering Anton’s flat is representative of a piece of his past he just acquired through Ploeg Jr. This was not an easy feat for Anton was trying to speed up the process while talking to Ploeg Jr. as represented by having to much oil on the stove and trying to light it. This is all occurring while Anton has a headache which plunge him into darkness because of the pain. This then indicates that the past does in fact aid Anton in the way that he lives less painfully. This motif of dimming light (future and pain) with darkness (past and relief) comes up another time while lying on the beach on page 126. Mulisch uses the metaphor of a book for the intended purpose of illustrating the light and dark motifs as Anton was blinded by the whiteness of the pages reflecting the sun onto him. Later in the same scene Anton falls asleep in the light of the beach and awakens to another of his splitting migraines. A few lines down however Mulisch writes that â€Å"in the soothing shade, it had almost disappeared. † Giving way to the motif mentioned earlier. Among the actions that take place in the beginning of the novel, Anton meets a woman whom he meets in a jail cell. It is only when Anton is taken out of the cell and sees blood that his curiosity raises even more. This along with the assault itself fades away into Anton’s memory like the wake of the motor boats. As he grows older he begins to think about this woman even more. This is particularly set on by a man named Cor Takes who talks to him about his girlfriend. With this new found information Anton keeps attempting to put a face on the woman in the cell for he thinks it is the woman Takes was talking about (Truus Coster). Anton keeps looking forward to who the woman in the cell was and during this time period, episode three to the final episode, he has constant migraines which plunge him into darkness in order to stop the pain. Mulisch structured this episode as this to show the reader that looking towards the future is dangerous and we should rely on our past before we make assumptions. Mulisch then has Anton stop thinking about Truus for he concurs that she must look like Saskia. Anton accepts this conclusion and his migraines start diminishing. This further extends the conceit of dark and light as ways of representing past and future, good nd bad. At the end of the final episode Anton has now spent 36 years searching for his past and finally he comes to a conclusion when he meets his old neighbor Karin Korteweg. Anton finally hears the whole story about his past and he is unusually at ease with this information. Mulisch used this to state that Anton had finally been vindicated of his past. The book ends in mid day, commonly known as when the sun is at its brightest point. Mulisch uses this structure and juxtaposition of the begging of the book to extend the light and darkness motifs in the novel. Although we can walk through our lives looking towards the future it is much harder than if we walk facing the past. When we look to the future we feel as if our past is always weighing us down such as the panoptic-con of the Nazis during WWII. When we do feel its weight we tend to have a harder time progressing through what each one of us consider our meaningful life. We should always reflect upon our past no matter how much we want to ignore it because by doing so we make better sense of our future and are ultimately brought into the light with no pain. After all â€Å"Everything comes to light. † (Mulisch page 128) How to cite The Assualt – Views About Past and Present, Papers